ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book -------2
Ak Professor Professional education
Ahmad Khan
Three Watson
Irvine, CA 92618-2767
Ak Professor Professional education
First published in the United States by Ak Professor Professional education Publishing, 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 by arrangement with Learners Publishing Pte Ltd, Singapore
Copyright ©2024 Ak Professor Professional education. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher.
ISBN 1-59905-201-6
Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Introduction
Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people.
Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech—nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections—as well as the standard patterns of English sentences.
All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of grammar provided by Ak Professor Professional education BASIC ENGLISH
and call attention to common problem areas
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- Common Nouns:
- Proper Nouns:
- Singular Nouns:
- Plural Nouns:
- Collective Nouns:
- Masculine and Feminine Nouns:
- Personal Pronouns:
- Reflexive Pronouns:
- Interrogative Pronouns:
- Demonstrative Pronouns:
- Adjective Endings:
- Kinds of Adjectives:
- Comparison of Adjectives:
- The Articles:
- Demonstrative Determiners:
- Interrogative Determiners:
- Possessive Determiners:
- The Simple Present Tense:
- Am, Is and Are:
- The Present Progressive Tense:
- Have and Has:
- The Present Perfect Tense:
- The Simple Past Tense:
- Regular and Irregular Verbs:
- Was and Were:
- The Past Progressive Tense:
- The Future Tense:
- Can and Could:
- May and Might:
- Do, Does and Did:
- Would and Should:
- What is a Sentence?
- Kinds of Sentences:
- The Imperative:
- The Subject and the Object:
- Direct and Indirect Objects:
- Positive and Negative Sentences:
- Questions:
- Period:
- Comma:
- Exclamation Point:
- Question Mark:
- Apostropheri:
- Conjunction:
Noun:
Every name is called a noun,
As field and fountain, street and town. In place of noun the pronoun stands, As he and she can clap their hands.
The adjective describes a thing, As magic wand or bridal ring.
Most verbs mean action, something done, To read and write, to jump and run.
How things are done the adverbs tell, As quickly, slowly, badly, well.
The preposition shows relation, As in the street or at the station. Conjunctions join, in many ways,
Sentences, words, or phrase and phrase.
The interjection cries out, “Heed!
An exclamation point must follow me!”
Verb
Adverb
A B C D E F G H I J K L
M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
► Use a capital letter for the first letter in a sentence:
The dog is barking.
Come here!
► Always use a capital letter for the word I :
I am eight years old.
Tom and I are good friends.
► Use a capital letter for the names of people:
ce, Tom, James, Kim, Snow White
► Use a capital letter for the names of places:
National Museum, Bronx Zoo, London, Sacramento
► Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays, days of the week, months of the year:
New Year’s Day, Christmas, Labor Day, Mother’s Day, Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, July, October
Exercise 1
Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write the correct letter in the space above them.
1 peter and i are good friends.
2 we are going to chicago during our summer vacation.
3 there is an interesting football game on sunday.
4 jason lives on thomson avenue.
5 january is the first month of the year.
Exercise 2
Look at the signs on the left. Can you find the mistakes? Write the names correctly.
shea stadium
artist
Word File
Here are more words for people:
actor lawyer
aunt judge
baby man baker nurse
cook police officer dentist singer doctor soldier
giant teacher
clown astronaut acrobat
Another word for astronaut is
spaceman or spacewoman.
Word File
Here are more words for places:
airport market cave mountain church playground farm restaurant
hill school hospital seashore hotel stadium house supermarket island temple
mall zoo basket
bed drum
Exercise 1
Underline the common nouns in these sentences.
1 There’s a little bird in the garden.
2 Who is your teacher?
3 Don’t eat that rotten apple.
4 Kate has a lovely doll.
5 I like reading stories.
6 My father is a doctor.
7 Every child has a dictionary.
8 Rudy hates bananas.
9 The phone is ringing.
10 Here’s a book for you.
Exercise 2
Here’s a mixed bag of words. Put each word under its correct heading.
swimmer snail fire engine clown letters flag river barber
mountain fox hotel parrot granny taxi gardener camel
People Animals Places Things
Word File
Here are some more names of people:
Baba
Florence Nightingale Derek Jeter
Pauline Johnny Depp Patrick
Harry Potter Pinocchio Robin Hood
Your own name and the names of your friends are proper nouns too.
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Filipino
Pakistani
Country
People Country People
America Americans Korea Koreans
Egypt Egyptians Malaysia Malaysians
India Indians Pakistan Pakistanis
Italy Italians France the French
Japan the Japanese Thailand Thais
the Great Wall of China
the Statue of Liberty
Tokyo Sydney
Mount Everest
the Thames
Niagara Falls
You often use the before names of oceans, rivers, seas and ranges of mountains.
Mount means mountain.
It is often used in the names of mountains.
For example: Mount Everest
Mount St. Helens
The written short form for Mount is Mt. For example: Mt. Everest, Mt. Fuji
Valentine’s Day
Father’s Day
Halloween
Word File
Here are more names of festivals and holidays:
Christmas Mother’s Day Memorial Day April Fool’s Day Labor Day Thanksgiving Day Independence Day St. Patrick’s Day
New Year’s Day
Exercise 1
Underline the proper nouns in the following sentences.
1 July is often the hottest month in summer.
2 One day Baba saw the forty thieves hiding in a cave.
3 Shawn and Ashley are going to the beach for a swim.
4 Mr. Lee is reading a book.
5 “I am your fairy godmother,” said the old woman to Cinderella.
6 Uncle Mike is a lawyer.
7 Next Tuesday is a public holiday.
8 Many children enjoyed the movie Lion King.
Exercise 2
Look at the words in the box. Which ones are common nouns and which ones are proper nouns? Put each word under its correct heading.
Lisa bank President Hotel United Bank January beach White Sand Beach hotel
doctor month Dr. Wang girl
Common Nouns Proper Nouns
Exercise 3
Write C for common or P for proper on the blank before each noun.
1 the White House
2 the green dress
3 the tall building
4 the Empire State Building
5 the Yellow River
6 the muddy river
7 the governor
8 Governor Parker
9 the Oregon Trail
10 the winding trail
Exercise 4
Underline the nouns that should be capitalized. Circle the nouns that should not be capitalized.
1 Robert louis Stevenson wrote treasure island.
2 The Capital of illinois is Springfield.
3 My Friends and I prefer Glittergums toothpaste.
4 Their Family visited Yellowstone national Park.
5 Juan and maria attend kennedy Middle school.
6 We had a Surprise Party for aunt Helen.
7 Spring and Fall are my favorite Seasons.
8 The Manager scolded his lazy Employees.
► Use a or an before singular nouns.
Use an before words beginning with vowels
(a, e, i, o, u). For example, say:
an axe an igloo
an egg an orange
an envelope an umbrella
an ice cream an uncle
► But some words don’t follow this rule. For example, use a (not an) before these words that begin with u:
a uniform a university
► Use a before words beginning with the other letters of the alphabet, called consonants. For example, say:
a basket a rainbow
a bowl a monster
a car a pillow
a hill a watch
a house a zoo
► But some words don’t follow this rule. For example, use an (not a) before these words that begin with h:
an heir an honor an hour
star
stars
bus
glasses
brush
brushes
watches
butterflies
butterfly
canary
canaries
Word File
Singular Plural
baby babies
cherry cherries
diary diaries dictionary dictionaries fairy fairies
family families
lily
lilies
fly flies
lady ladies
library libraries
puppy puppies
story stories strawberry strawberries
candy
candies
i +
Nouns like these are made es
plural by changing y to i, and
adding -es.
25
key
keys
turkey
turkeys
tray
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
calf calves loaf loaves
elf elves shelf shelves
half halves thief thieves
leaf leaves wolf wolves
f s
Often nouns that end in -f, just need -s to form the plural.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
chef chefs handkerchief handkerchiefs
chief chiefs roof roofs
cliff cliffs sheriff sheriffs
For some words that end in -f, the plural can be spelled in two different ways.
Singular Plural
dwarf dwarfs or dwarves hoof hoofs or hooves scarf scarfs or scarves
s
f ves
Singular Plural
knife knives
life lives
wife wives
v e s
Singular Plural Plural
a mango mangoes mangos
a mosquito mosquitoes mosquitos
a zero zeroes zeros
a buffalo buffaloes buffalos
mouse mice
geese
foot
reindeer
binoculars
jeans
Another word for spectacles
is glasses.
spectacles
You can make these plural nouns singular by using a pair of:
a pair of binoculars a pair of spectacles a pair of goggles
a pair of jeans a pair of shorts a pair of pliers
a pair of shoes
Exercise 1
Look at the words below. Do you know which ones are singular and which are plural ? Put a checkmark (✓) in the correct box.
Singular Plural
word pencils books fan hat
children kites people crab foxes
Exercise 2
Do you add -s or -es to these singular nouns to make them plural? Write your answers on the lines.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
1 desk 6 basket
2 class 7 peach
3 comb 8 belt
4 mug 9 taxi
5 bus 10 box
Exercise 3
Do you change -y to -ies, or just add -s to make these singular nouns plural? Write your anwers.
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
1 key 6 toy
2 city 7 baby
3 butterfly 8 party
4 monkey 9 chimney
5 fly 10 lady
Exercise 4
All these singular nouns end with -o. Add either -s or -es
as you write the plurals on the line.
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
1 video 6 radio
2 piano 7 hippo
3 mango 8 zoo
4 kangaroo 9 zero
5 rhino 10 photo
an orchestra
Word File
Here are some more groups of people:
an audience a gang a band a group
a choir a team a class
Many collective nouns can be used with a singular or plural verb.
For example:
My family was happy to see me. or
My family were happy to see me.
But the following collective nouns always take a plural verb: cattle people the police
a brood of chickens
a band of musicians
a school of fish
a team of players
a flight of steps
Exercise
Farmer John had several different kinds of animals on his farm. Write the correct collective noun for each group of his animals.
Farmer John had:
a of geese a of sheep a of cattle a of horses
One day a of coyotes tried to attack his animals. Farmer John yelled and waved a pitchfork to frighten them away.
Masculine and Feminine Nouns
rooster
bride bridegroom
hen
lion
lioness
king queen
Word File
Masculine Feminine boy girl
man woman
prince princess
steward stewardess
waiter waitress
Masculine Feminine
actor actress
brother sister
emperor empress
father mother
gentleman lady
grandfather grandmother
grandson granddaughter
headmaster headmistress man woman
master mistress
nephew niece
prince princess
son daughter
steward stewardess uncle aunt
wizard witch
chicken rooster hen
cattle bull cow
deer buck doe
donkey jack jenny
duck drake duck
fox fox vixen
goose gander goose
horse stallion mare
lion lion lioness
sheep ram ewe
tiger tiger tigress
dancers
doctors
hairdressers
scientists
Word File
Nouns like these are used for both males and females:
accountants parents artists managers
designers pupils
engineers singers
lawyers teachers
We call these nouns common-gender nouns.
waterfall
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct masculine or
feminine nouns.
Masculine Feminine
1 master
2 uncle
3 niece
4 lioness
5 tiger
6 empress
7 husband
8 son
9 mother
10 madam
Exercise 2
Fill in each blank with a suitable masculine or feminine
noun.
1 The host and the welcomed their guests.
2 The steward and the look after the passengers on the plane.
3 My uncle and lived in Nebraska.
4 The king and the had two children, a boy and a . The prince was eight and the
was five.
5 Ladies and , welcome to our party this evening.
Exercise 3
Look at the words in the box. Write each word under its correct heading.
children sun witch king
boy son father girl mother queen file teacher lamp doctor dancer wizard
ram rooster elf fish
Masculine Feminine Common Gender Neuter
Personal Pronouns
Baby birds cannot fly.
Mother bird has to feed them.
Tom likes riding my bicycle. I sometimes lend it to him.
There are three groups of pronouns: first person, second person and third person.
The person speaking is called the first person.
The first-person pronouns are I or me (in the singular) and
we or us (in the plural).
The person spoken to is called the second person. The second-person pronoun is you (in both singular and plural).
The person (or animal, or thing) spoken about is called the third person. The third-person pronouns are he or him, she or her, and it (in the singular), and they or them (in the plural).
The word I is always spelled with a capital letter. The pronoun he is used for men and boys, she for women and girls, and it for things and animals.
Here is a table to help you.
Subject Object
First person singular I me
Second person singular you you
Third person singular he she it him her it
First person plural we us
Second person plural you you
Third person plural they them
46
Reflexive Pronouns
Singular Plural
First person (I,me) myself (we,us) ourselves
Second person (you) yourself (you) yourselves
Third person (he, him) himself
(she, her) herself (it) itself (they, them) themselves
(they, them) themselves (they, them) themselves
Interrogative Pronouns
Who is he talking to?
Who are those people?
Whom are you playing with?
Whom is he talking to?
Which of these bags is yours?
Which do you prefer?
Whose is this umbrella?
Whose are these gloves?
What is your dog’s name? What are you talking about? What is the time?
Demonstrative Pronouns
Those are goats.
These are sheep.
Exercise 1
Draw a line to join each of the subject pronouns
to the object pronoun that matches.
I he it she they you we
us her you them me him it
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns.
1 Peter and I are brothers. share a bedroom together.
2 Sue isn’t well. Dad is taking to see a doctor.
3 My brother is a teacher. teaches English.
4 All his students like very much.
5 Children, are making too much noise!
6 Who are those people? Where are from?
7 Mom is a doctor. works in a hospital.
8 The sky is getting dark. is going to rain.
9 John, we are all waiting for . Are you coming with ?
10 May borrow your pen?
11 Yes, of course. When can you return to
?
12 What are reading, Jenny?
Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronouns
from the box.
yourselves themselves itself myself himself yourself ourselves herself
1 No one can help us. We have to help .
2 Jane always makes the bed by .
3 They painted the wall all by .
4 I hurt in the playground yesterday.
5 John, you must behave before your friends.
6 Children, you must do the homework .
7 Tom defended against the bullies.
8 The dog is scratching .
Exercise 4
Write the correct interrogative pronouns in the blanks to complete the sentences:
1 is the matter with you?
2 invented the computer?
3 of the twins is older?
4 do you wish to speak to?
5 is this car in front of our house?
6 knows the answer?
7 came first, the chicken or the egg?
8 would you like to drink?
9 of them do you think will win the race?
10 is the word for a stamp collector?
a smart dog
an old building
a tall basketball player
a low fence
Exercise 1
Underline the adjectives in the following sentences.
1 There is an empty room upstairs.
2 It’s a hot summer.
3 You are so kind.
4 Don’t be crazy.
5 This park is clean and green.
6 Many people exercise to keep healthy.
7 I think these eggs are rotten.
8 We are all bored. There isn’t anything to do.
9 The pupils don’t find the joke amusing.
10 James was absent because he was ill.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives from the box.
hot large short free
high sweet poor playful
1 The ice cream is very .
2 It’s very in summer.
3 The company is giving away gifts to its customers.
4 They live in a house.
5 Jean is wearing a skirt.
6 The climbers are climbing up a mountain.
7 These puppies are very .
8 Many people have no home.
An adjective that ends in -less is the opposite of the same adjective that ends in -ful.
For example:
careful – careless useful – useless
colorful – colorless harmful – harmless
The -ful ending means having a lot of something. For example:
painful = having a lot of pain
hopeful = having a lot of hope
The -less ending means without. For example:
leafless = without leaves
sleeveless = without sleeves
a
an expensive necklace
talkative pupils
a cunning fox
dazzling sunshine
a daily newspaper
a friendly police officer
a broken chair
a famous pop singer
a poisonous snake
Exercise 1
Add the correct endings to turn these words into adjectives.
-y -ful -less -al
1 peace 6 dirt
2 storm 7 music
3 mud 8 nation
4 forget 9 dust
5 spot 10 play
Exercise 2
Add the correct endings to turn these words into adjectives.
-en -y -ing
-ish -ous -ly
1 wind 6 fool
2 gold 7 charm
3 friend 8 child
4 rot 9 love
5 danger 10 interest
Kinds of Adjectives
a cold drink
a hot bun
a fierce dog
an ugly monster
a loud crash
Chinese kungfu
a Mexican hat
A Filipino shirt
an Indian temple
Dutch clogs
Please get me some white paint.
Your hands are black!
a huge balloon
a fat sumo wrestler
a thin boy
a short man
The word tall describes people and narrow, upright objects. For example, you can say:
a tall girl a tall bookcase
The word high describes bigger or wider objects that reach a great height. For example, you can say:
a high mountain a high wall
eleven hens fifteen frogs
nineteen lizards
twelve geese sixteen snails twenty butterflies
thirteen birds seventeen kittens
fourteen mice eighteen ants
a lot of books
some soldiers
a few cups
a few puppies
Exercise
Look at the underlined words in the following sentences. Do you know what kinds of adjectives they are?
In the blanks write C if the underlined words tell you about color, S if they tell you about size, Ql if they tell you about quality, O if they tell you about origin, or Qn if they tell you about the number or quantity of things.
1 Dad has two pairs of shoes.
2 One pair is brown and the other pair is black.
3 This is a very simple puzzle.
4 What color is the American flag?
5 A kind fairy appeared before Cinderella.
6 He is a proud man.
7 There is some food left.
8 Tom is wearing a blue T-shirt.
9 Jack has ten marbles; Peter has twenty.
10 How many marbles have Jack and Peter altogether?
11 There is an Indian temple in the city.
12 There is a large crowd outside the temple.
13 My house is just a few miles from the school.
14 They are driving a small car.
15 Sue likes those yellow and red balloons.
Comparison of Adjectives
small smaller
fast
faster
bright
brighter
cheap cheaper
clear clearer
loud louder
new newer
old older
rich richer
short shorter
tall taller
slow slower
thick thicker
The word than is often used with comparative adjectives. For example, you might say:
Jack is taller than John.
A sports car is faster than a motorbike.
thickest
long
longer
longest
► With adjectives that end in -e, add -r to form
the comparative, and -st to form the superlative. For example:
► Some adjectives have only one syllable, end with a consonant, and have a single vowel before the consonant. With these adjectives, double the last letter before adding –er to form the comparative, and -est to form the superlative. For example:
Comparative Superlative
big bigger biggest
dim dimmer dimmest
mad madder maddest
sad sadder saddest
► Some adjectives have two syllables and end in -y. With these adjectives change the y to i. Then add -er to form the comparative, and -est to form the superlative.
For example:
Comparative Superlative
busy busier busiest
dirty dirtier dirtiest
happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest
67
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
active more active most active
charming more charming most charming
cheerful more cheerful most cheerful
comfortable more comfortable most comfortable
delicious more delicious most delicious
good better best
little less least
bad worse
worst
few less least
many more most
much more most
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct comparative and
superlative forms of the following adjectives.
Comparative
Superlative
hard
cold
soft
tall
rich
mad
funny
big
sad
busy
noisy
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct comparative and
superlative forms of the following adjectives.
Comparative
Superlative
foolish
harmful
poisonous
valuable
difficult
generous
Determiners
Determiners are words such as this, those, my, their, which. They are special adjectives that are used before nouns.
The Articles
Can you hear a
bird singing ?
Do you wear a
uniform to school?
The article an is usually used before words beginning with vowels. The article a is used before words beginning with consonants.
The telephone is ringing.
Tom has won the race.
Where’s the cat?
I think she is under the bed.
The ice is melting.
Demonstrative Determiners
I am keeping these books. I am selling those books.
James lives in this house.
This ice cream is delicious. How much is that racket? What is that animal?
Bring me that ball.
Would you like these apples?
You use this and these to point to people or things near you.
You use that and those to point to people or things that are
farther from you.
You use this and that before singular nouns. You use these and those before plural nouns.
Here’s a table to help you remember the rules:
Singular Plural
this these
that those
Interrogative Determiners
What size do you wear? What kind of bird is that?
What time is it?
What color is her hair?
What kind of clothes do you like to wear?
Which school do you go to? Which doll is your favorite? Which road leads to the zoo? Which runner is the winner?
Do you know which girl won the prize?
Whose footprints are these?
Whose baby is this?
Whose dog was barking in the middle of the night?
Possessive Determiners
I lent Margaret my guitar.
The dentist asked his patient to open her mouth.
Here is a table to help you remember the
possessive determiners.
Singular Plural
First person my our
Second person your your
Third person his her its their their their
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.
1 owl 7 moon
2 rocket 8 Missouri River
3 apron 9 mango
4 sun 10 animal
5 page 11 eagle
6 computer 12 baby
Exercise 2
Write a, an or the in the blanks to complete the sentences.
1 There is rainbow in sky.
2 Who is man outside gate?
3 doctor gave Jane injection.
4 Paul opened door to let dog in.
5 Mark is only child in family.
6 What’s largest animal in world?
7 There’s nest in tree.
8 Sue is writing letter to her grandfather.
9 Jack has brother and sister.
10 We reached top of hill in two hours.
Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with the correct demonstrative adjectives.
1 Come and look at insects.
2 Stop man!
3 I was in fifth grade last year. I am in sixth grade
year.
4 Bring chairs here.
5 ice cream is delicious.
6 Can you see stars in the sky?
Exercise 4
Are the underlined words demonstrative adjectives or demonstrative pronouns? Write DA (for demonstrative adjectives) or DP (for demonstrative pronouns) in the blanks.
1 This house has five bedrooms.
2 Who is that man?
3 This is our school.
4 These are wild animals.
5 That is right.
6 What’s that noise?
7 These books are Jane’s.
8 Those books belong to me.
9 These are donkeys.
10 Those are horses.
Exercise 5
Choose the correct possessive adjectives from the box to fill in the blanks.
my his your her
its our their
1 Is this Jane’s dog? Yes, this is dog.
2 The dog is chasing own tail.
3 Peter, is father at home?
4 Rudy is showing stamps to .
5 I am going to aunt’s house this evening.
6 We always keep classroom clean.
7 Children, have you all finished homework?
8 The children are proud of school.
Exercise 6
Choose the correct interrogative adjectives from the box to fill in the blanks.
1 kind of animal is that?
2 runner is the winner?
3 is the matter?
4 desk is this?
5 handphone is ringing?
6 is your name?
7 twin is taller?
8 hand is holding the pebble?
knock burst
climb
dig
drop
read
Word File
act jump
bake move
bend pull
buy run
close shout
cook sing
cross sit
fall slide
fly stand
go start
grow swim
hop walk
79
The Simple Present Tense
Uncle Joe wears glasses.
Ducks love water.
The sun rises in the east.
The children go to school by bus.
Melanie starts
school tomorrow. Next week I go to summer camp.
The train departs
in five minutes.
Exercise 1
Underline the verbs in the following sentences.
1 The children go to school by bus.
2 Bats sleep during the day.
3 These toys belong to Kathy.
4 Every pupil has a good dictionary.
5 Polar bears live at the North Pole.
6 Most children learn very fast.
7 Mr. Thomas teaches us science.
8 The earth goes around the sun.
9 We never cross the street without looking.
10 Many stores close on Sunday.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1 Winter after autumn. (come)
2 A dog . (bark)
3 You tired. (look)
4 Everyone mistakes. (make)
5 in a department store. (work)
6 Judy English very well. (speak)
7 Tim’s knee . (hurt)
8 Monkeys bananas. (like)
9 Kate always sandwiches for lunch. (eat)
10 He very fast. (type)
It is very hot today.
Here’s a table to help you remember how to use am, is and are:
Singular Plural
First person I am we are
Second person you are you are
Third person he is
she is it is they are
they are they are
Learn these short forms called contractions:
I am = I’m they are = they’re
you are = you’re we are = we’re
he is = he’s
she is = she’s
it is = it’s
am not = aren’t (only in questions)
is not = isn’t
are not = aren’t
In questions, use aren’t as a contraction of am not. For example, you can say:
I’m taller than you, aren’t I?
But in a statement you say:
I’m not as old as you.
The camel is a desert animal.
Vegetables and fruit
are healthy foods.
Lambs are baby sheep.
Kenneth is a lawyer. Rex is a clever dog.
A duck is a kind of bird.
Singular is
nouns
Plural nouns
are
The playground is full of people today. My house is near the school.
These questions are too difficult. The balloons are very colorful.
Those people are very busy.
Dad and Mom are in the kitchen.
There is a castle on the hill.
There are some clouds in the sky.
There is a wasps’ nest in the tree.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with am, is or are.
1 They my good friends.
2 He a soldier.
3 You taller than Charlie.
4 She ill.
5 We very hungry.
6 It a sunny day.
7 I angry with Joe.
8 You all welcome to my house.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with is or are.
1 John’s dog very friendly.
2 Robert ten years old.
3 These flowers very pretty.
4 The two schools close to each other.
5 Math not a very difficult subject.
6 dinner ready?
7 This computer very easy to use.
8 All the windows open.
9 Sue and Jane neighbors.
10 His hair curly.
Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with There is or There are.
1 a fence around the barn.
2 trees along the road.
3 a rainbow in the sky.
4 lots of parks in our town.
5 nothing in the cupboard.
6 not many bedrooms in the new house.
7 lots of mistakes on your test paper.
8 a wasps’ nest in the tree.
9 ants in the cookies.
10 many different kinds of animals in the zoo.
11 plenty of food on the table.
12 a church on the hilltop.
13 no more water in the pool.
14 too many people on the beach.
15 only a few customers in the shop.
The Present Progressive Tense
Mom is knitting a sweater for Sally.
I am writing
a letter.
The phone is ringing.
+
verb
ing
► Form the present progressive tense like this:
am + present participle
is + present participle
are + present participle
► The present participle is the form of a verb ending with
-ing. For example:
show + ing = showing
come + ing = coming
► You have to double the last letter of some verbs before you add -ing. For example:
get + ing = getting rob + ing = robbing
nod + ing = nodding stop + ing = stopping
jog + ing = jogging swim + ing = swimming
► Notice that the verbs above are all short verbs of just
one syllable.
They all end with a consonant such as b, d, g, m, p, t
and have only one vowel before the consonant.
► If a verb ends in e, you usually have to drop the e
before you add -ing. For example:
chase + ing = chasing
cycle + ing = cycling
drive + ing = driving
smile + ing = smiling
When are you taking
me to the zoo?
We are having a barbecue later this evening.
Exercise 1
Write the present participle of these verbs on the blanks.
1 come 7 go
2 run 8 ask
3 sleep 9 catch
4 fall 10 write
5 jump 11 drop
6 climb 12 bring
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the present progressive tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1 They the roller-coaster ride. (enjoy)
2 Jill her hair. (wash)
3 It dark. (get)
4 The dentist Sue’s teeth. (examine)
5 The train through the tunnel. (pass)
6 The men very hard in the sun. (work)
7 What the theater today? (show)
8 We a snowman. (make)
9 The plane above the clouds. (fly)
10 The teachers a meeting. (have)
We have breakfast at 7:00 A.M.
Peter has a sore knee.
Monkeys have
long tails.
Use has with he, she, it, and with singular nouns. Use
have with I, you, we, they, and with plural nouns. Here is a table to help you remember the rules:
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with have or has.
1 We a new science teacher.
2 He a bad temper.
3 I often fruit for dessert.
4 You a good chance of winning the prize.
5 She always oatmeal for breakfast.
6 The broom a blue handle.
7 They never any problem with tests.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with have or has.
1 The girls golden hair.
2 An insect six legs.
3 Dad his cell phone with him.
4 The children a new swing set.
5 Many poor people nothing to eat.
6 Chicago a very big airport.
7 A triangle three sides.
8 The man two daughters.
9 James a toothache.
10 All the passengers their tickets.
The Present Perfect Tense
It’s been very wet today.
Kim’s cut
her finger.
have + past participle
has + past participle
Exercise 1
Write the past participle of these verbs on the blanks.
1 break 6 buy
2 drink 7 find
3 cut 8 draw
4 do 9 hear
5 sing 10 know
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1 Dad his car key. (lose)
2 All the guests . (arrive)
3 Tony a goal. (score)
4 Peter in the tent several times. (sleep)
5 It not for two months. (rain)
6 Some prisoners from the prison. (escape)
7 The plane at the airport. (land)
8 John a puppet. (make)
9 Dad and I a big fish. (catch)
10 I this movie twice. (see)
The Simple Past Tense
The wicked Queen gave
Snow White a poisoned apple.
Pinocchio’s nose grew longer every time he told a lie.
Regular and Irregular Verbs
Who closed all the windows?
It snowed last night.
► The simple past tense is usually formed by adding -ed to the verb. For example:
jump + ed = jumped lift + ed = lifted laugh + ed = laughed look + ed = looked
► If the verb ends with -e, just add -d. For example:
agree + d = agreed hate + d = hated
die + d = died live + d = lived
► Remember these spelling rules:
You must double the last letter of some verbs before adding -ed. For example:
fan + ed = fanned pat + ed = patted
grab + ed = grabbed rip + ed = ripped
nod + ed = nodded slam + ed = slammed
► Notice that the verbs above are all short verbs of just
one syllable. They all end with a consonant such as b, d, m, n, p, t, and have only a single vowel before the consonant.
► With verbs that end in -y, change the y to i before adding -ed. For example:
bury + ed = buried fry + ed = fried
carry + ed = carried hurry + ed = hurried
cry + ed = cried try + ed = tried
David hurt his foot when he jumped over the drain.
The worker cut down the tree this morning.
Her ring cost only 10 dollars.
Sam bent the stick in two.
Tom shot and scored a goal.
A bird flew into the classroom.
Exercise 1
Write the simple past tense of these verbs on the blanks.
1 take 7 tell
2 walk 8 write
3 rain 9 sit
4 shut 10 read
5 open 11 close
6 cry 12 cook
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct simple past tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1 She home alone. (go)
2 The wind throughout the night. (blow)
3 An apple on his head. (drop)
4 The Princess’s ball into the well. (roll)
5 A frog into the well and it back to her. (jump/bring)
6 Jack the highest grade in his English class. (get)
7 The party at 8:00 P.M. (begin)
8 He his old car and a new one. (sell/buy)
9 Jack up the ladder carefully. (climb)
10 Who all the windows? (shut)
Edison was a famous inventor.
These were my best jeans.
Here is a table to help you remember the rules:
Singular
Plural
First person I was we were
Second person you were you were
Third person he was she was
it was they were they were
they were
Here’s a table to show you the different forms of the verb be:
Simple Present Simple Past First person singular am was
Second person singular are were
Third person singular is was
First person plural are were
Second person plural are were
Third person plural are were Learn these contractions:
was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
105
The Past Progressive Tense
Mary was waiting for the bus when Peter passed by.
You form the past progressive tense like this:
was + present participle
were + present participle
In the examples above, was and were are called helping verbs, or auxiliary verbs. They help to form the past progressive tense when you join them to the present participle (the form of verbs ending in -ing) . For example:
Ben was doing his homework.
Peter was making a model of a bridge.
+
verb ing
106
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with was or were.
1 We the champions last year.
2 Where is James? He here just now.
3 Mom and Dad on vacation last week.
4 The weather fine this morning.
5 There a lot of people at our party yesterday.
6 There a small lake here many years ago.
7 He sick yesterday.
8 Don’t blame him. It my mistake.
Exercise 2
When Miss May walked into the class what were the children doing? Fill in the blanks with the correct past progressive tense of the verbs in brackets.
1 James to Peter. (talk)
2 Sue a storybook. (read)
3 Rudy the chalkboard. (erase)
4 David his math exercise. (do)
5 Peter Joe his new watch. (show)
6 Jane a horse in her notebook. (draw)
7 Ahmad for his pencil. (look)
8 Some children a lot of noise. (make)
They will finish the job next week.
I shall be eight years old next year.
The weatherman says it will rain
this afternoon.
Use shall or will with I and we.
Use will with you, he, she, it and they.
Here is a table to help you remember the rules:
Singular Plural
First person I shall
I will we shall
we will
Second person you will you will
Third person he will
she will it will they will
they will they will
Learn these contractions:
I shall/will
will
I think I’m going to be sick.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct future tense of the verbs in brackets, using shall or will.
1 You fat if you eat too many desserts. (grow)
2 The new school building ready soon. (be)
3 We to the zoo after breakfast. (go)
4 I my bath before dinner. (take)
5 Peter lots to do on his grandmother’s farm. (find)
6 If we ask her, she us how to play chess. (teach)
7 If he works hard, he his exams. (pass)
8 we home now? (go)
Exercise 2
Complete these sentences by changing shall or will to the appropriate form of the verb be + going to (i.e., am, is, or are + going to).
1 They will be busy tomorrow.
They be busy tomorrow.
2 I hope I will be ready on time.
I hope I be ready on time.
3 We shall visit James this evening.
We visit James this evening.
4 It will rain soon.
It rain soon.
5 Dad will take us to the movies tomorrow.
Dad take us to the movies tomorrow.
far as he could.
Some birds cannot fly.
► Use may to ask if you are allowed to do something, or to give someone permission to do something.
May I watch television now? Yes, you may.
► May is also used to talk about things that are likely to happen.
Take an umbrella. It may rain.
► Might is used as the past tense of may.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks with can, could, may or might.
1 you jump over the hurdle?
2 We ran as fast as we .
3 Some people speak three languages.
4 Jean dance quite well.
5 The man is shouting. He need help.
6 If you hurry you catch the train.
7 Dave doesn’t look well. He have a fever.
8 The baby is crying. She be hungry.
9 I borrow your bike?
10 I don’t know where Jane is. You find her in the library.
11 you drive?
12 Who answer the question?
13 you show me the way to the zoo?
14 He play the piano.
Dad does
the dishes.
Mom does
the cooking.
We always
do exercise together.
Who did this drawing?
Henry did.
do
► Here’s a table to remind you about the use of
do and does:
Singular Plural
First person I do we do
Second person you do you do
Third person he does she does it does they do they do they do
► Here’s a table to remind you about the use of the verb did:
Singular
Plural
First person I did we did
Second person you did you did
Third person he did
she did it did they did
they did they did
► Learn these contractions:
Where did you find the wallet?
Do ducks like water?
Yes, they do.
The baby does not look
very happy.
Dad did not catch
his train.
The garden looks lovely,
doesn’t it? Yes, it does.
Cats do not like water.
I don’t enjoy difficult math tests. Sophie doesn’t want to go to school. He didn’t get to the station in time.
Don’t you have a ticket? No, I don’t.
Don’t they go to the gym on Mondays? Yes, they do. Didn’t they win? No, they didn’t.
You didn’t draw that picture yourself, did you?
Did you see the rainbow? No, I didn’t.
Do not forget to switch off the air conditioner.
Don’t tell lies!
Exercise
Fill in the blanks with do, does or did.
1 The shoes were too small. They not fit me.
2 Jack not do well on the exam last week.
3 Where eggs come from?
4 The vase is broken. Who that?
5 What this word mean?
6 How the computer work?
7 he drink coffee?
8 Who that drawing?
9 Where you buy that dress?
10 How you spell your name?
11 not play on a busy street!
12 your work quietly!
13 a snake have legs?
14 He not have any brothers.
15 cats like to eat fish?
Would and Should
We started running so we
would get there in time.
It is polite to use would like when you are offering people things, or asking for something yourself. For example:
Would you like a cup of coffee? I am tired now. I’d like a rest.
You’d like a meal now, wouldn’t you? What color would you like?
When they are accepting an offer, people often use would love instead of would like. For example:
Would you like a chocolate? Yes, please, I would love one.
Children should not play in traffic.
You should always look
before crossing the street.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks with would or should.
1 Every student have a good dictionary.
2 you like some coffee?
3 Yes, I love a cup of coffee.
4 We all learn good table manners.
5 We like to go outdoors if it stops raining.
6 John said he help me with science.
7 you like to play a game with me?
8 Children not watch too much television.
9 You not play with fire.
10 He promised he meet me after school.
11 We not waste water.
12 You all pay attention in class.
13 What we do now?
14 you help if I asked?
15 Of course, I help you!
She enjoys music.
She shares her books with her friends.
The two girls always
walk home together.
All birds lay eggs.
The children are
playing on the swing.
The audience are laughing. The band is playing.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with verbs that match the subjects. Use the correct form of the simple present tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1 I always to school with my brother. (go)
2 Mark always to school with his brother. (go)
3 You the answer. (know)
4 Luis the answer, too. (know)
5 This book very few drawings. (have)
6 These books lots of beautiful drawings. (have)
7 Anne my sister. (be)
8 Pat and ce good at English. (be)
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with verbs that match the subjects. Use the correct form of the simple present tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1 A tiger . (roar)
2 All birds eggs. (lay)
3 Dad listening to music. (like)
4 Uncle Bob his car every day. (wash)
5 She all the answers. (know)
6 There twelve months in a year. (be)
7 The twins often . (fight)
8 Our parents us. (love)
Adverbs
They laughed loudly.
The dog is barking fiercely. ce skated beautifully.
The Prince and the Princess lived happily ever after.
The birds are singing sweetly. It is raining heavily.
The dog and the cat live together peacefully.
The soldiers fought bravely. The sun is shining brightly. The old man walked slowly.
The baby is sleeping soundly.
Spelling File
Adjective Adverb
beautiful beautifully
brave bravely
bright brightly
fierce fiercely
happy happily
heavy heavily
loud loudly
peaceful peacefully
slow slowly
sound soundly
sweet sweetly
Many adverbs are made by adding –ly to adjectives.
127
Can I do my work later? No, do it now.
Paul has just arrived.
He often swims in the evening. Lisa is always cheerful.
Sometimes I ride my bike to school. Everyone arrived early.
David arrived late. It’s snowing again.
The mother bird started to build her nest yesterday. She is continuing to build it today.
She will finish it tomorrow.
John’s shoes were too big for him last year. They fit him this year.
They will be too small for him next year. It rained last night.
The weather is fine this morning.
Mom and Dad are watching television upstairs.
The children are playing downstairs.
It’s raining. Let’s go inside.
Rex, you can stay
outside.
Exercise 1
Rewrite the following adjectives as adverbs.
1 slow 7 cool
2 beautiful 8 comfortable
3 strong 9 wise
4 tidy 10 quiet
5 brave 11 merry
6 soft 12 busy
Exercise 2
Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.
1 The man shouted loudly.
2 He arrived early.
3 The train has already left.
4 He drove carelessly.
5 The students talked noisily.
6 The children are playing outside.
7 Let’s go now.
8 Tom spoke politely to his teacher.
9 Have you seen Anne’s cat anywhere?
10 Come here!
There’s a big balloon
in the sky.
Jane is jumping
into the pool.
The books fell
off the shelf.
Many shops close on Sundays.
The trees lose their leaves
during winter.
We watched the World Cup game until 2:00 A.M.
We always wash our hands before meals.
Dad gets home about
six in the evening.
Exercise 1
Underline the prepositions in the following sentences.
1 The man fell off the ladder.
2 We have dinner at 7:30 P.M.
3 Tom was born on a Friday.
4 There are seven days in a week.
5 Sue is running after her dog.
6 Several people are waiting at the bus stop.
7 I received a letter from Sara yesterday.
8 Why are you still in bed?
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the box.
near by on at between in around into up behind
1 The bus arrived 8:30 A.M.
2 The children are swimming the pool.
3 There’s a picture the wall.
4 There is a fence the house.
5 Granny is sitting fire.
6 Harold is hiding the chair.
7 Jack climbed the beanstalk.
8 We divided the candy us.
9 I dived the river.
10 Don’t go too the edge.
The animal is large but timid.
Is this a sheep or a goat?
It’s cold, wet and
windy today.
Maggie could play the piano
before she was five.
After he began exercising regularly, Jerry became healthier.
I always brush my teeth
after I’ve had my breakfast.
You have grown taller
since I saw you last.
Exercise 1
Complete these sentences with and, but or or.
1 I asked for some bread butter.
2 Mr. Mrs. Chen have three children.
3 Maggie is a good singer a poor dancer.
4 We wish you a Merry Christmas a Happy New Year.
5 Is their new baby a boy a girl?
6 The dictionary has 1000 words 200 drawings.
7 Sue is taller than Nat shorter than Mike.
8 Are you going by train by bus?
Exercise 2
Choose the correct conjunctions of time from the box to complete these sentences.
when while as before after since until
1 Jack always brushes his teeth he has eaten a meal.
2 It started to rain the children were playing in the garden.
3 Let’s go home it gets dark.
4 Give this letter to Anne you see her.
5 She has known Jack he was a child.
6 The party began at 8:00 P.M. and lasted midnight.
7 ce looked unhappy she walked in.
Cheers!
Ssh!
Oh dear!
Ouch!
Happy Birthday!
Look out!
What is a Sentence?
Sally
Wendy and Kim The hedgehog Maggie
It Dad I
We They
The dentist The old couple Janet is making
are fighting. curled up. is reading is raining. cooked am flying are eating
are washing is examining have screamed. a doll.
a book.
dinner. a kite.
our breakfast. the dishes.
Susan’s teeth. no children.
Kinds of Sentences
► A declarative sentence makes a statement.
Richard is feeding the hens.
► An interrogative sentence asks a question.
What is Richard doing?
► An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion.
What lovely weather!
► An imperative sentence gives an order.
Come back!
OK, children, open your books to page 25.
Do sit down.
Do check these figures again.
Please help yourselves to some food.
Please don’t change anything on my computer.
You can also use the helping verb would to sound polite. For example:
Please would you clear the table?
Would you please talk quietly?
Please Would
141
Exercise
Look at the groups of words below. Do you know which are sentences and which are not?
Put a checkmark in the space next to sentences, and an X next to other word groups.
1 Mrs. Chen is a good teacher.
2 not well today
3 Do the work yourself.
4 How are you?
5 basic rules of grammar
6 bread and butter
7 Welcome to the National Zoo.
8 brush his teeth
9 toys in the box
10 more than one
11 What is the time now?
12 Sit down!
13 Please come here.
14 Mark is sleeping.
15 Open the door.
The Subject and the Object
Dad is cooking supper.
Susan has bought a painting.
Hannah
is reading her book.
The twins climbed the hill.
James stroked the cat.
Mom is holding the baby.
Jacob is making a kite.
They were playing football.
I am writing a story.
Emma crossed the street.
You have forgotten your umbrella.
Direct and Indirect Objects
Dad bought
James a bike.
The bank Madison I
Grandma Andrew
We Joshua
Miss Lee lends is making
am writing is reading gave
left
is showing found people her doll Grandma Diana
his dog you us
ce money. a dress. a letter. a story. a bone.
some food. his stamps.
a chair.
Exercise 1
Read the following sentences. Then draw a line under the subjects and a circle around the objects.
1 Anne has drawn a panda.
2 They are playing table tennis.
3 Little Kate knows the alphabet well.
4 Dad bought a computer.
5 I am writing a letter.
6 Birds have feathers.
7 The workmen are building a house.
8 Samantha has a pretty doll.
9 The children received one gift each.
10 Do you know the answer?
Exercise 2
There are two objects in each sentence. Draw a line under the direct objects and a circle around the indirect objects.
1 Dad gave Dave a present.
2 Mom is making the children a meal.
3 Mr. Thomas bought them ice cream cones.
4 I sent Anne a birthday card.
5 Granny told us a story.
6 The waiter brought the guests their drinks.
7 Can I get you a sandwich?
8 The police officer showed us the way to the museum.
Positive and Negative Sentenc
Peter is running.
He is not walking.
We should tell the truth. We should never tell lies.
Everyone is in the garden. There is no one in the house.
The fridge is empty. There is nothing in it.
It is very cloudy. It isn’t sunny.
I have sold the last newspaper. I have no newspapers left.
Someone has eaten all the cookies. There are none in the bag.
► You ask a yes or no question to get yes or no as the answer. Use the verbs be, have or do, or any of the helping verbs, to ask yes or no questions.
► In questions, the helping or auxiliary verbs come before the subject of the sentence. When be and have
are used as ordinary verbs, they come before the subjects, too.
Statement Question
Jim is ill today. Is Jim ill today?
She has an older brother Has she an older brother? The cats want to be fed. Do the cats want to be fed? We should go now. Should we go now?
It will rain tomorrow. Will it rain tomorrow?
You may use my computer. May I use your computer? Kate can ride a bike. Can Kate ride a bike?
Here are some different ways of asking the same question:
Has he a sister called Jane?
Does he have a sister called Jane? Has he got a sister called Jane?
► To ask for facts, use the question words what, which, who, whom, how, when, where. The helping verbs in wh- questions usually come before the subject. So does the verb be when it is used as an ordinary verb.
► If the wh- question word is the subject of the question, it comes before the verb. For example:
Exercise 1
Write short answers to the following questions.
Example: Is he tall? Yes, he is.
1 Do you know the answer? Yes, .
2 Is Sara at home? No, .
3 Do they know any grammar? Yes, .
4 Are all of you coming to my house this evening? Yes, .
5 Is Mrs. Chen your English teacher? No, .
6 Can you dance? No, .
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct question words from the box.
where when why how
whose what who which
1 is your house?
2 wallet is this?
3 are you always late?
4 wrote this book?
5 of the two boys is smarter?
6 size do you wear?
7 old is he?
8 is Jeff going to get a haircut?
He drew a horse
Albert is my good friend. Please don’t be late.
The bird is sitting on a branch. It’s snowing heavily today.
There’s a rainbow in the sky.
This big house belongs to a rich man. I can swim.
Ethan is good at drawing.
They all enjoyed playing baseball.
I bought two apples, three oranges and some grapes. He enjoys tennis, badminton, skating and football.
At school we study English, math, science, history and geography.
A giraffe is a tall, long-necked, long-legged animal.
He is a tall, handsome, smart and ambitious young man.
How are you
What’s your name?
How many stamps do you have? Where do they come from?
Who has taken my pen?
Can you lend me your bicycle? Where are you going?
Why are you always late?
What’s the meaning of this word?
Do you know the answer to this problem?
This is Peter’s bed and that is Michael’s bed.
A squirrel’s tail is big and bushy.
► Follow the same rule when a name or a singular noun ends in -s. Write an apostrophe first and then add another s.
► For plural nouns that end in -s, put the apostrophe after the -s.
► Some plural nouns do not end in -s. Just add ’s to these plural nouns.
► You can also refer to a person’s office or shop by using a possessive form with an apostrophe.
For example:
I’ll buy some bread at the baker’s.
I was reading a book at the dentist’s. It’s time you went to the barber’s.
► You can also refer to your friends’ homes
in the same way:
I’m going next door to Peter’s. I stayed the night at Susan’s.
► How do you make a possessive form of two people joined by and, such as Peter and John, or Mary and
Anne? Put ’s only after the second name.
For example:
Barbara and David’s house Jill and Andy’s party
► These possessive forms of names and nouns can be used without a following noun. For example:
Which desk is Susan’s? George’s is in the back row. This room is my brother’s.
Mary’d like a cat as a pet, but she wouldn’t like a turtle.
You are taller than Peter, but you aren’t as tall as I am.
Exercise 1
Write the punctuation marks from the box to complete the following sentences:
1 He hates cheese
2 Who is your teacher
3 Stop that man
4 Keep quiet
5 Good morning madam
6 George are you okay
7 Peter David and Susan are playing hide and seek
8 Mom bought meat fish and vegetables at the supermarket
9 What is the time now
10 Anne is a pretty girl
Exercise 2
Complete the following sentences by writing the
apostrophe(‘) in the correct place:
1 This is Peters bike.
2 Paul cant find his shoes.
3 Miss Lee is marking the pupils papers.
4 They are all on the childrens playground.
5 Dont make so much noise!
6 Doctors take care of peoples health.
7 Theyre having a game of tennis.
8 Jack doesnt look well.
BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Book
1
Younger students at beginning to intermediate levels will greatly benefit from this step-by-step approach to English grammar basics. This is the ideal supplement to your language arts program whether your students are native English speakers or beginning English language learners. Skill-specific lessons make it easy to locate and prescribe instant reinforcement or intervention.
• Illustrated lessons are tightly focused on core concepts of grammar
• Nearly 70 practice exercises are included for ready reinforcement
• A wealth of examples are provided on every topic
• Concise explanations are bolstered by extra grammar tips and useful language notes
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